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Below fair value

Stocks trading under the average of four methods: Graham, Lynch (PEGY), discounted cash flow and sector multiples. A discount is a question, not an answer — a company can be cheap because the market is wrong, or because its earnings are about to fall. The page shows the gap; the work of deciding which one it is stays with you.

410 stocks meet the criteria below, ordered by discount. The largest discounts are at the top; near the bottom they shrink to almost nothing.

StockSectorPriceFair priceDiscountMethodsMarket cap
OTEXOpen Text CorpTechnology$23.08$76.89▲ 70.0%6/7(3/4)$5.59B
AESAES CorpUtilities$14.87$48.76▲ 69.5%5/7(2/4)$10.61B
AKO.BAndina Bottling Co IncConsumer Defensive$29.56$86.30▲ 65.7%4/7(2/4)$4.66B
KNSLKinsale Capital Group, Inc.Financial Services$339.38$986.34▲ 65.6%5/7(2/4)$7.73B
WTMWhite Mountains Insurance Group LtdFinancial Services$2,032.01$5,845.32▲ 65.2%5/7(2/4)$4.85B
HRBH&r Block IncConsumer Cyclical$42.19$119.60▲ 64.7%6/7(3/4)$5.2B
LULUlululemon athletica inc.Consumer Cyclical$101.30$286.68▲ 64.7%6/7(3/4)$11.21B
NMMNavios Maritime Partners L.P.Industrials$88.11$248.88▲ 64.6%4/7(2/4)$2.55B
LRNStride, Inc.Consumer Defensive$78.53$220.18▲ 64.3%6/7(3/4)$3.26B
OZKBank OZKFinancial Services$46.09$129.20▲ 64.3%6/7(3/4)$5.03B
WHRWhirlpool CorpConsumer Cyclical$31.71$87.05▲ 63.6%6/7(3/4)$2.07B
ARRArmour Residential REIT, Inc.Real Estate$14.60$39.73▲ 63.3%5/7(3/4)$2.07B
MKLMarkel Group IncFinancial Services$1,741.87$4,387.94▲ 60.3%6/7(3/4)$21.58B
GPKGraphic Packaging Holding CoConsumer Cyclical$9.38$23.59▲ 60.2%6/7(3/4)$2.78B
PFSProvident Financial Services IncFinancial Services$22.42$55.86▲ 59.9%6/7(3/4)$2.92B
CINFCincinnati Financial CorpFinancial Services$162.54$403.87▲ 59.8%6/7(3/4)$24.95B
GRFSGrifols SAHealthcare$7.35$18.21▲ 59.6%6/7(3/4)$5B
PPCPilgrims Pride CorpConsumer Defensive$27.82$67.37▲ 58.7%6/7(3/4)$6.62B
RLIRLI CorpFinancial Services$55.69$133.73▲ 58.4%5/7(2/4)$5.11B
THCTenet Healthcare CorpHealthcare$259.71$620.63▲ 58.2%6/7(3/4)$20.91B
TRNTrinity Industries IncIndustrials$27.84$66.16▲ 57.9%7/7(4/4)$2.22B
CBChubb LtdFinancial Services$331.37$774.39▲ 57.2%5/7(2/4)$127.84B
BULLWebull CorpTechnology$7.65$17.82▲ 57.1%3/7(2/4)$4.05B
BHFBrighthouse Financial, Inc.Financial Services$53.24$123.62▲ 56.9%4/7(2/4)$3.06B
TCBITexas Capital Bancshares IncFinancial Services$95.82$220.84▲ 56.6%5/7(2/4)$4.17B
UHSUniversal Health Services IncHealthcare$178.86$409.93▲ 56.4%6/7(3/4)$10.54B
LDOSLeidos Holdings, Inc.Technology$123.61$280.35▲ 55.9%6/7(3/4)$15.51B
IBOCInternational Bancshares CorpFinancial Services$69.11$156.17▲ 55.7%6/7(3/4)$4.3B
SEBSeaboard CorpIndustrials$3,974.05$8,954.24▲ 55.6%5/7(2/4)$3.81B
KBRKBR IncIndustrials$34.54$77.17▲ 55.2%7/7(4/4)$4.35B
NICENICE Ltd.Technology$112.81$250.95▲ 55.0%6/7(3/4)$6.61B
AMGAffiliated Managers Group IncFinancial Services$373.69$820.62▲ 54.5%5/7(2/4)$9.66B
REZIResideo Technologies IncIndustrials$18.68$40.75▲ 54.2%5/7(2/4)$2.84B
DECKDeckers Outdoor CorpConsumer Cyclical$78.67$171.25▲ 54.1%6/7(3/4)$10.71B
INGRIngredion IncConsumer Defensive$96.72$209.32▲ 53.8%7/7(4/4)$6.1B
OGCOceanaGold CorpBasic Materials$30.07$64.74▲ 53.5%6/7(3/4)$6.69B
MMSMaximus IncIndustrials$52.61$113.23▲ 53.5%7/7(4/4)$2.75B
GLGlobe Life IncFinancial Services$167.04$354.01▲ 52.8%5/7(2/4)$12.84B
EBCEastern Bankshares, Inc.Financial Services$21.14$44.28▲ 52.3%6/7(3/4)$4.83B
INVHInvitation Homes Inc.Real Estate$26.62$55.38▲ 51.9%6/7(3/4)$15.72B
BZKanzhun LtdCommunication Services$14.11$29.31▲ 51.9%5/7(2/4)$6.18B
KGCKinross Gold CorpBasic Materials$25.05$51.77▲ 51.6%5/7(3/4)$29.72B
CFCF Industries Holdings, Inc.Basic Materials$114.67$235.63▲ 51.3%7/7(4/4)$17.35B
NLYAnnaly Capital Management IncReal Estate$20.61$42.34▲ 51.3%5/7(2/4)$15.53B
HLNEHamilton Lane INCFinancial Services$86.21$175.15▲ 50.8%7/7(4/4)$5.78B
ITRIItron IncTechnology$89.75$181.32▲ 50.5%6/7(3/4)$3.93B
FSMFortuna Mining CorpBasic Materials$12.26$24.56▲ 50.1%5/7(3/4)$3.63B
UMBFUmb Financial CorpFinancial Services$135.82$272.00▲ 50.1%5/7(2/4)$10.32B
ZTSZoetis Inc.Healthcare$71.05$141.93▲ 49.9%5/7(3/4)$29.36B
AMHAmerican Homes 4 RentReal Estate$30.64$60.98▲ 49.8%6/7(3/4)$12.56B
GRBKGreen Brick Partners, Inc.Consumer Cyclical$67.21$133.74▲ 49.7%5/7(2/4)$2.89B
SONSonoco Products CoConsumer Cyclical$50.06$99.32▲ 49.6%7/7(4/4)$4.95B
TXTTextron IncIndustrials$76.59$151.22▲ 49.4%5/7(2/4)$13.17B
RJFRaymond James Financial IncFinancial Services$159.87$313.96▲ 49.1%5/7(2/4)$30.71B
ERICEricsson Lm Telephone CoTechnology$9.95$19.49▲ 48.9%4/7(2/4)$32.54B
LCIILci IndustriesConsumer Cyclical$85.03$165.99▲ 48.8%7/7(4/4)$2.07B
EVREvercore Inc.Financial Services$262.91$512.21▲ 48.7%5/7(2/4)$10.11B
ITGartner IncTechnology$187.90$363.70▲ 48.3%5/7(3/4)$11.87B
INFYInfosys LtdTechnology$10.50$20.28▲ 48.2%7/7(4/4)$42.53B
KFYKorn FerryIndustrials$73.96$142.77▲ 48.2%7/7(4/4)$4.04B
CPACopa Holdings, S.A.Industrials$133.72$257.18▲ 48.0%6/7(3/4)$5.46B
RDNRadian Group IncFinancial Services$33.02$63.45▲ 48.0%5/7(2/4)$4.37B
GIBCgi IncTechnology$69.13$132.22▲ 47.7%6/7(3/4)$14.32B
FSLRFirst Solar IncTechnology$177.71$338.09▲ 47.4%6/7(3/4)$19.1B
NCLHNorwegian Cruise Line Holdings Ltd.Consumer Cyclical$14.61$27.78▲ 47.4%5/7(2/4)$6.71B
POSTPost Holdings, Inc.Consumer Defensive$73.15$138.55▲ 47.2%6/7(3/4)$3.32B
CNXCNX Resources CorpEnergy$32.79$62.08▲ 47.2%4/7(2/4)$4.85B
AAAlcoa CorpBasic Materials$42.85$81.06▲ 47.1%5/7(2/4)$11.31B
JAZZJazz Pharmaceuticals plcHealthcare$237.95$449.15▲ 47.0%5/7(2/4)$15.45B
CTSHCognizant Technology Solutions CorpTechnology$57.33$107.69▲ 46.8%7/7(4/4)$25.82B
PYPLPayPal Holdings, Inc.Financial Services$54.28$101.47▲ 46.5%6/7(3/4)$46.43B
VGNTVersigent PLCConsumer Cyclical$48.21$89.87▲ 46.4%5/7(3/4)$3.41B
EFSCEnterprise Financial Services CorpFinancial Services$59.85$110.63▲ 45.9%6/7(3/4)$2.17B
GPORGulfport Energy CorpEnergy$154.62$285.69▲ 45.9%4/7(2/4)$2.73B
OGSONE Gas, Inc.Utilities$72.29$131.67▲ 45.1%5/7(2/4)$4.54B
TDCTeradata CorpTechnology$28.94$52.57▲ 44.9%6/7(3/4)$2.69B
LEALear CorpConsumer Cyclical$122.71$222.22▲ 44.8%7/7(4/4)$8.17B
ABGAsbury Automotive Group IncConsumer Cyclical$185.15$333.11▲ 44.4%5/7(2/4)$3.32B
PHMPultegroup IncConsumer Cyclical$128.55$230.77▲ 44.3%5/7(2/4)$24.49B
GPIGroup 1 Automotive IncConsumer Cyclical$247.51$443.13▲ 44.1%5/7(2/4)$2.95B
BBARBanco BBVA Argentina S.A.Financial Services$14.13$25.21▲ 43.9%4/7(2/4)$2.89B
HCAHCA Healthcare, Inc.Healthcare$435.61$773.42▲ 43.7%4/7(2/4)$94.31B
ANFAbercrombie & Fitch CoConsumer Cyclical$135.71$240.85▲ 43.7%6/7(3/4)$5.76B
AXAxos Financial, Inc.Financial Services$87.61$154.31▲ 43.2%5/7(2/4)$4.97B
ADBEAdobe IncTechnology$231.01$406.31▲ 43.1%6/7(3/4)$91.83B
TOLToll Brothers, Inc.Consumer Cyclical$137.34$241.31▲ 43.1%6/7(3/4)$12.66B
DALDelta Air Lines IncIndustrials$84.02$146.62▲ 42.7%6/7(3/4)$55.25B
ABAlliancebernstein Holding L.pFinancial Services$36.19$63.03▲ 42.6%5/7(2/4)$3.37B
CTRECareTrust REIT, Inc.Real Estate$37.41$65.08▲ 42.5%5/7(2/4)$8.84B
INGMIngram Micro Holding CorpTechnology$27.24$47.36▲ 42.5%4/7(3/4)$6.27B
MRXMarex Group LtdFinancial Services$71.59$124.00▲ 42.3%5/7(3/4)$5.15B
DBRGDigitalBridge Group, Inc.Financial Services$15.98$27.53▲ 42.0%4/7(2/4)$3B
HHHHoward Hughes Holdings Inc.Real Estate$68.43$117.23▲ 41.6%6/7(3/4)$4.09B
HASHasbro IncConsumer Cyclical$88.09$150.73▲ 41.6%6/7(3/4)$12.42B
USBUS Bancorp deFinancial Services$58.78$100.33▲ 41.4%6/7(3/4)$91.58B
AXPAmerican Express CoFinancial Services$306.26$522.14▲ 41.3%5/7(2/4)$206.82B
BTGB2gold CorpBasic Materials$5.48$9.26▲ 40.8%5/7(3/4)$7.24B
WSFSWSFS Financial CorpFinancial Services$76.99$130.04▲ 40.8%5/7(2/4)$3.93B
DOXAmdocs LtdTechnology$57.71$96.57▲ 40.2%7/7(4/4)$6.03B
DVADavita IncHealthcare$178.03$295.50▲ 39.8%5/7(3/4)$11.36B
ACNAccenture plcTechnology$176.11$291.88▲ 39.7%7/7(4/4)$107.77B
MIDDMIDDLEBY CorpIndustrials$107.66$177.93▲ 39.5%6/7(3/4)$4.87B
HOMBHome Bancshares IncFinancial Services$28.84$47.64▲ 39.5%6/7(3/4)$5.77B
WRBBerkley W R CorpFinancial Services$66.82$109.91▲ 39.2%4/7(2/4)$24.81B
FTDRFrontdoor, Inc.Consumer Cyclical$73.99$120.90▲ 38.8%5/7(2/4)$5.1B
ARANTERO RESOURCES CorpEnergy$35.00$57.13▲ 38.7%5/7(3/4)$10.76B
SIGSignet Jewelers LtdConsumer Cyclical$100.50$163.54▲ 38.5%6/7(3/4)$3.85B
DHIHorton D R IncConsumer Cyclical$141.51$230.19▲ 38.5%5/7(2/4)$39.58B
SLMSLM CorpFinancial Services$23.66$38.46▲ 38.5%5/7(2/4)$4.45B
EPAMEPAM Systems, Inc.Technology$108.23$175.36▲ 38.3%6/7(3/4)$5.58B
VISTVista Energy, S.A.B. de C.V.Energy$70.25$113.78▲ 38.3%5/7(2/4)$7.77B
HPQHP IncTechnology$31.32$50.52▲ 38.0%6/7(4/4)$28.24B
TRNOTerreno Realty CorpReal Estate$66.02$106.37▲ 37.9%6/7(3/4)$7.19B
ECPGEncore Capital Group IncFinancial Services$94.47$151.80▲ 37.8%5/7(2/4)$2B
HAYWHayward Holdings, Inc.Industrials$12.75$20.37▲ 37.4%6/7(3/4)$2.7B
SPNTSiriusPoint LtdFinancial Services$25.48$40.28▲ 36.7%5/7(2/4)$2.96B
GDDYGoDaddy Inc.Technology$97.14$153.27▲ 36.6%3/7(3/4)$12.3B
CATYCathay General BancorpFinancial Services$60.47$95.31▲ 36.6%6/7(3/4)$4.03B
SOLVSolventum CorpHealthcare$88.37$139.08▲ 36.5%4/7(2/4)$15.04B
ASOAcademy Sports & Outdoors, Inc.Consumer Cyclical$49.14$77.33▲ 36.5%6/7(3/4)$3.03B
WFRDWeatherford International plcEnergy$85.08$133.30▲ 36.2%6/7(3/4)$6.08B
NJRNew Jersey Resources CorpUtilities$52.22$81.44▲ 35.9%6/7(3/4)$5.27B
COLMColumbia Sportswear CoConsumer Cyclical$57.60$89.56▲ 35.7%7/7(4/4)$2.95B
MCRIMonarch Casino & Resort IncConsumer Cyclical$117.57$182.79▲ 35.7%5/7(2/4)$2.11B
MZTIMarzetti CoConsumer Defensive$102.12$158.30▲ 35.5%7/7(4/4)$2.79B
CENTACentral Garden & Pet CoConsumer Defensive$37.81$58.55▲ 35.4%6/7(3/4)$2.37B
CICigna GroupHealthcare$272.01$420.56▲ 35.3%6/7(3/4)$71.88B
NUNu Holdings Ltd.Financial Services$12.23$18.87▲ 35.2%4/7(2/4)$59.06B
WFWoori Financial Group IncFinancial Services$73.33$113.20▲ 35.2%4/7(2/4)$17.8B
FAFFirst American Financial CorpFinancial Services$66.27$102.07▲ 35.1%6/7(3/4)$6.77B
PTCPTC IncTechnology$138.12$212.52▲ 35.0%6/7(3/4)$14.99B
ZBHZimmer Biomet Holdings IncHealthcare$91.04$140.03▲ 35.0%6/7(3/4)$17.36B
LLoews CorpFinancial Services$104.82$161.07▲ 34.9%5/7(2/4)$21.43B
ZTOZTO Express (Cayman) Inc.Industrials$21.50$32.90▲ 34.6%7/7(4/4)$16.32B
BANFBancfirst CorpFinancial Services$106.98$163.57▲ 34.6%6/7(3/4)$3.59B
PORPortland General Electric CoUtilities$46.85$71.63▲ 34.6%6/7(3/4)$5.51B
CBSHCommerce Bancshares IncFinancial Services$56.44$85.96▲ 34.3%6/7(3/4)$8.1B
CNMCore & Main, Inc.Industrials$42.64$64.58▲ 34.0%6/7(3/4)$7.86B
DAVEDave Inc.Technology$326.19$493.09▲ 33.8%4/7(2/4)$4.16B
BKVBKV CorpEnergy$22.90$34.36▲ 33.3%3/7(2/4)$2.51B
AGMFederal Agricultural Mortgage CorpFinancial Services$221.43$330.33▲ 33.0%5/7(2/4)$2.4B
MTBM&t Bank CorpFinancial Services$221.19$329.73▲ 32.9%5/7(2/4)$31.94B
EOGEOG Resources IncEnergy$140.35$209.22▲ 32.9%7/7(4/4)$73.62B
ADTADT Inc.Industrials$6.40$9.54▲ 32.9%4/7(2/4)$4.68B
MDPediatrix Medical Group, Inc.Healthcare$25.86$38.49▲ 32.8%6/7(3/4)$2.1B
UGIUGI CorpUtilities$36.51$54.31▲ 32.8%6/7(3/4)$7.83B
FCNCAFirst Citizens Bancshares IncFinancial Services$2,090.36$3,099.90▲ 32.6%5/7(2/4)$23.61B
CHAChagee Holdings Ltd.Consumer Cyclical$11.66$17.18▲ 32.1%5/7(4/4)$2.22B
PCTYPaylocity Holding CorpTechnology$143.35$211.07▲ 32.1%6/7(3/4)$7.94B
PARRPar Pacific Holdings IncEnergy$77.46$113.98▲ 32.0%6/7(3/4)$3.88B
URBNUrban Outfitters IncConsumer Cyclical$75.35$110.67▲ 31.9%6/7(3/4)$6.45B
NVRNVR IncConsumer Cyclical$6,297.60$9,246.16▲ 31.9%5/7(2/4)$16.87B
SSBSouthState Bank CorpFinancial Services$101.62$149.16▲ 31.9%6/7(3/4)$9.85B
SMCISuper Micro Computer, Inc.Technology$43.26$63.38▲ 31.7%5/7(2/4)$28.42B
CXTCrane NXT, Co.Industrials$48.42$70.91▲ 31.7%6/7(3/4)$2.79B
BRBroadridge Financial Solutions IncTechnology$163.77$238.74▲ 31.4%7/7(4/4)$18.67B
IBMInternational Business Machines CorpTechnology$220.69$321.08▲ 31.3%6/7(3/4)$207.92B
CFGCitizens Financial Group IncFinancial Services$65.53$95.06▲ 31.1%5/7(2/4)$27.6B
MTGMgic Investment CorpFinancial Services$29.30$42.23▲ 30.6%5/7(2/4)$6.01B
DBDDIEBOLD NIXDORF, IncTechnology$64.39$92.31▲ 30.2%3/7(2/4)$2.19B
FHIFederated Hermes IncFinancial Services$57.82$82.86▲ 30.2%7/7(4/4)$4.32B
SFMSprouts Farmers Market, Inc.Consumer Defensive$81.46$116.27▲ 29.9%6/7(3/4)$7.6B
BOHBank of Hawaii CorpFinancial Services$70.34$100.12▲ 29.7%6/7(3/4)$2.77B
PCARPaccar IncIndustrials$111.31$158.29▲ 29.7%6/7(3/4)$58.59B
ENSEnerSysIndustrials$178.89$254.36▲ 29.7%6/7(3/4)$6.45B
KTKT CorpCommunication Services$19.45$27.60▲ 29.5%4/7(2/4)$9.26B
BWLPBW LPG LtdEnergy$23.94$33.91▲ 29.4%7/7(4/4)$3.63B
AOSSmith A O CorpIndustrials$58.65$82.87▲ 29.2%7/7(4/4)$7.97B
SFStifel Financial CorpFinancial Services$70.35$99.34▲ 29.2%6/7(3/4)$10.62B
TOWNTowne Bank - Common StockFinancial Services$37.43$52.82▲ 29.1%6/7(3/4)$3.46B
SUNBSunbelt Rentals Holdings, Inc.Industrials$73.78$104.11▲ 29.1%4/7(3/4)$30.23B
BSXBoston Scientific CorpHealthcare$44.11$62.19▲ 29.1%6/7(3/4)$63.93B
VALValaris LtdEnergy$80.99$114.06▲ 29.0%6/7(3/4)$5.62B
KEXKirby CorpIndustrials$128.88$181.29▲ 28.9%6/7(3/4)$6.8B
WLYJohn Wiley & Sons IncCommunication Services$53.71$75.35▲ 28.7%7/7(4/4)$2.73B
HAFNHafnia LtdIndustrials$8.47$11.88▲ 28.7%6/7(4/4)$4.23B
NVSNovartis AGHealthcare$145.46$203.98▲ 28.7%7/7(4/4)$276.48B
SCHWSchwab Charles CorpFinancial Services$98.30$137.68▲ 28.6%5/7(2/4)$169.99B
OSISOsi Systems IncTechnology$203.00$283.05▲ 28.3%6/7(3/4)$3.24B
WLYBJohn Wiley & Sons IncCommunication Services$54.18$75.45▲ 28.2%7/7(4/4)$2.75B
FITBFifth Third BancorpFinancial Services$52.10$72.37▲ 28.0%6/7(3/4)$47.25B
ALGAlamo Group IncIndustrials$164.64$228.44▲ 27.9%6/7(3/4)$2B
TILEInterface IncConsumer Cyclical$34.94$48.40▲ 27.8%6/7(3/4)$2.02B
MOAltria Group IncConsumer Defensive$68.82$95.33▲ 27.8%6/7(4/4)$114.91B
AGCOAGCO CorpIndustrials$118.02$163.25▲ 27.7%6/7(3/4)$8.27B
DVNDevon Energy CorpEnergy$47.05$64.65▲ 27.2%7/7(4/4)$51.75B
MLIMueller Industries IncIndustrials$60.52$82.96▲ 27.1%6/7(3/4)$13.39B
CENTCentral Garden & Pet CoConsumer Defensive$43.80$60.02▲ 27.0%6/7(3/4)$2.74B
PLNTPlanet Fitness, Inc.Consumer Cyclical$42.68$58.33▲ 26.8%6/7(4/4)$3.24B
DKSDick's Sporting Goods IncConsumer Cyclical$136.43$186.02▲ 26.7%7/7(4/4)$13.44B
HQYHealthequity IncHealthcare$88.25$120.06▲ 26.5%6/7(3/4)$7.3B
GTESGates Industrial Corp Ltd.Industrials$25.87$35.14▲ 26.4%6/7(3/4)$6.55B
PATKPatrick Industries IncConsumer Cyclical$69.18$93.33▲ 25.9%7/7(4/4)$2.22B
CBUCommunity Financial System IncFinancial Services$61.14$82.41▲ 25.8%6/7(3/4)$3.22B
BRXBrixmor Property Group Inc.Real Estate$28.07$37.82▲ 25.8%6/7(3/4)$8.61B
CFRCullen/frost Bankers IncFinancial Services$157.42$212.04▲ 25.8%6/7(3/4)$9.78B
ACIWAci Worldwide IncTechnology$49.51$66.55▲ 25.6%6/7(3/4)$5B
INSWInternational Seaways, Inc.Energy$101.96$136.86▲ 25.5%7/7(4/4)$5.05B
MHOM/i Homes IncConsumer Cyclical$137.77$184.73▲ 25.4%6/7(3/4)$3.48B
BALLBALL CorpConsumer Cyclical$56.83$76.15▲ 25.4%5/7(2/4)$15.04B
ALSNAllison Transmission Holdings IncConsumer Cyclical$113.86$152.44▲ 25.3%6/7(3/4)$9.4B
WTRGEssential Utilities, Inc.Utilities$41.10$54.97▲ 25.2%6/7(3/4)$11.66B
CHKPCheck Point Software Technologies LtdTechnology$131.24$175.46▲ 25.2%6/7(3/4)$13.4B
DRIDarden Restaurants IncConsumer Cyclical$199.75$267.00▲ 25.2%7/7(4/4)$22.68B
PBRPetrobras - Petroleo Brasileiro SAEnergy$20.37$27.15▲ 25.0%7/7(4/4)$131.27B
GBCIGlacier Bancorp IncFinancial Services$44.13$58.76▲ 24.9%6/7(3/4)$5.75B
OCTVOctave Intelligence plcTechnology$19.85$26.39▲ 24.8%5/7(3/4)$5.33B
INDVIndivior Pharmaceuticals, Inc.Healthcare$35.91$47.65▲ 24.6%3/7(2/4)$4.24B
CSLCarlisle Companies IncIndustrials$326.37$432.83▲ 24.6%7/7(4/4)$12.96B
ABCBAmeris BancorpFinancial Services$81.63$108.23▲ 24.6%5/7(2/4)$5.48B
VNTVontier CorpTechnology$31.48$41.61▲ 24.4%6/7(3/4)$4.26B
SYFSynchrony FinancialFinancial Services$72.94$96.27▲ 24.2%5/7(2/4)$23.73B
NEMNEWMONT CorpBasic Materials$121.43$158.54▲ 23.4%5/7(2/4)$127.95B
TTAMTitan America SABasic Materials$15.02$19.60▲ 23.4%5/7(3/4)$2.77B
EATBrinker International IncConsumer Cyclical$207.20$270.34▲ 23.4%6/7(3/4)$8.65B
SYBTStock Yards Bancorp, Inc.Financial Services$79.84$104.12▲ 23.3%6/7(3/4)$2.48B
ADPAutomatic Data Processing IncTechnology$263.67$343.63▲ 23.3%6/7(3/4)$104.48B
DPZDominos Pizza IncConsumer Cyclical$292.27$380.48▲ 23.2%6/7(4/4)$9.67B
LADLithia Motors IncConsumer Cyclical$316.42$411.72▲ 23.1%5/7(2/4)$6.96B
VZVerizon Communications IncCommunication Services$46.68$60.71▲ 23.1%6/7(3/4)$193.94B
GMEDGlobus Medical IncHealthcare$82.97$107.75▲ 23.0%6/7(3/4)$11.14B
AXTAAxalta Coating Systems Ltd.Basic Materials$32.89$42.70▲ 23.0%6/7(3/4)$7.04B
EXELExelixis IncHealthcare$58.16$75.42▲ 22.9%6/7(3/4)$14.41B
PSXPhillips 66Energy$253.58$328.58▲ 22.8%6/7(3/4)$101.67B
BFAMBright Horizons Family Solutions IncConsumer Cyclical$74.81$96.68▲ 22.6%6/7(3/4)$3.64B
OHIOmega Healthcare Investors IncReal Estate$45.99$59.15▲ 22.3%6/7(3/4)$14.68B
EWBCEast West Bancorp IncFinancial Services$127.23$163.60▲ 22.2%5/7(2/4)$17.43B
BROBrown & Brown IncFinancial Services$60.82$78.14▲ 22.2%5/7(2/4)$20.35B
INDBIndependent Bank CorpFinancial Services$82.06$105.34▲ 22.1%6/7(3/4)$3.89B
AXSAxis Capital Holdings LtdFinancial Services$94.45$120.97▲ 21.9%5/7(2/4)$6.89B
OPCHOption Care Health, Inc.Healthcare$23.07$29.53▲ 21.9%6/7(3/4)$3.46B
IPARInterparfums IncConsumer Defensive$118.29$151.25▲ 21.8%7/7(4/4)$3.79B
MWAMueller Water Products, Inc.Industrials$24.38$31.16▲ 21.8%6/7(3/4)$3.81B
WEXWEX Inc.Technology$178.28$227.59▲ 21.7%6/7(3/4)$6.08B
UTHRUNITED THERAPEUTICS CorpHealthcare$475.45$606.56▲ 21.6%6/7(3/4)$20.39B
TSCOTractor Supply CoConsumer Cyclical$32.27$41.09▲ 21.5%7/7(4/4)$16.81B
OTISOtis Worldwide CorpIndustrials$65.94$83.87▲ 21.4%6/7(4/4)$25.1B
CPRTCopart IncIndustrials$27.59$35.01▲ 21.2%6/7(3/4)$25.54B
FNFFidelity National Financial, Inc.Financial Services$41.42$52.50▲ 21.1%5/7(2/4)$11.11B
TROWPrice T Rowe Group IncFinancial Services$105.51$133.69▲ 21.1%6/7(3/4)$22.51B
PAGPenske Automotive Group IncConsumer Cyclical$209.62$265.50▲ 21.0%7/7(4/4)$13.76B
MRPMillrose Properties, Inc.Real Estate$26.81$33.94▲ 21.0%4/7(2/4)$4.45B
HURNHuron Consulting Group Inc.Industrials$159.91$201.56▲ 20.7%6/7(3/4)$2.54B
BIRKBirkenstock Holding plcConsumer Cyclical$31.42$39.53▲ 20.5%5/7(3/4)$5.19B
SYYSysco CorpConsumer Defensive$78.46$98.38▲ 20.2%7/7(4/4)$37.63B
BDCBelden IncTechnology$114.13$142.92▲ 20.1%6/7(3/4)$4.46B
EXLSExlService Holdings, Inc.Technology$34.75$43.42▲ 20.0%6/7(3/4)$5.27B
RGAReinsurance Group of America IncFinancial Services$248.65$308.98▲ 19.5%5/7(2/4)$16.24B
EPREPR PropertiesReal Estate$56.83$70.60▲ 19.5%7/7(4/4)$4.35B
LKQLKQ CorpConsumer Cyclical$23.29$28.90▲ 19.4%7/7(4/4)$5.89B
AEOAmerican Eagle Outfitters IncConsumer Cyclical$16.58$20.57▲ 19.4%7/7(4/4)$2.78B
BMYBristol Myers Squibb CoHealthcare$63.88$79.24▲ 19.4%6/7(3/4)$130.49B
MGRCMcgrath RentcorpIndustrials$113.24$140.29▲ 19.3%7/7(4/4)$2.77B
LIILennox International IncIndustrials$373.77$462.81▲ 19.2%6/7(3/4)$12.92B
MCKMckesson CorpHealthcare$856.29$1,056.71▲ 19.0%5/7(3/4)$99.84B
FFINFirst Financial Bankshares IncFinancial Services$31.92$39.38▲ 18.9%6/7(3/4)$4.57B
RMDResmed IncHealthcare$222.00$273.34▲ 18.8%6/7(3/4)$32.02B
ADUSAddus HomeCare CorpHealthcare$114.93$141.46▲ 18.8%6/7(3/4)$2.15B
NMRKNewmark Group IncReal Estate$13.13$16.15▲ 18.7%6/7(3/4)$3.21B
AYIAcuity Inc (de)Industrials$306.06$376.13▲ 18.6%6/7(3/4)$9.16B
PNWPinnacle West Capital CorpUtilities$91.74$112.57▲ 18.5%6/7(3/4)$11.12B
ECEcopetrol S.aEnergy$16.58$20.28▲ 18.2%3/7(2/4)$34.09B
EXCExelon CorpUtilities$40.34$49.29▲ 18.2%6/7(3/4)$41.56B
EQTEQT CorpEnergy$50.81$62.05▲ 18.1%6/7(3/4)$31.78B
TRMKTrustmark CorpFinancial Services$45.69$55.79▲ 18.1%6/7(3/4)$2.65B
SNNSmith & Nephew PLCHealthcare$26.82$32.74▲ 18.1%7/7(4/4)$11.22B
TFCTruist Financial CorpFinancial Services$47.66$58.12▲ 18.0%5/7(2/4)$58.22B
TWTradeweb Markets Inc.Financial Services$100.77$122.82▲ 18.0%6/7(3/4)$21.77B
SRCE1st Source CorpFinancial Services$84.38$102.83▲ 17.9%5/7(2/4)$2.03B
LOWLowes Companies IncConsumer Cyclical$187.69$228.36▲ 17.8%6/7(4/4)$105.3B
MKTXMarketaxess Holdings IncFinancial Services$164.19$199.60▲ 17.7%4/7(2/4)$5.78B
MHKMohawk Industries IncConsumer Cyclical$125.16$151.82▲ 17.6%5/7(3/4)$8.48B
CBTCabot CorpBasic Materials$78.76$95.46▲ 17.5%7/7(4/4)$4.07B
BBYBest Buy Co IncConsumer Cyclical$90.51$109.57▲ 17.4%7/7(4/4)$18.98B
TAT&T IncCommunication Services$24.92$30.16▲ 17.4%7/7(4/4)$170.73B
DISWalt Disney CoCommunication Services$105.70$127.84▲ 17.3%6/7(3/4)$182.51B
WFCWells Fargo & CompanyFinancial Services$80.82$97.50▲ 17.1%5/7(2/4)$244.38B
PBHPrestige Consumer Healthcare Inc.Healthcare$52.47$63.30▲ 17.1%6/7(3/4)$2.49B
EPRTEssential Properties Realty Trust IncReal Estate$26.53$31.95▲ 17.0%6/7(3/4)$5.75B
FCFSFirstCash Holdings, Inc.Financial Services$216.47$260.25▲ 16.8%5/7(2/4)$9.39B
UDRUDR, Inc.Real Estate$33.84$40.62▲ 16.7%7/7(4/4)$12.43B
NBTBNbt Bancorp IncFinancial Services$50.85$61.01▲ 16.7%6/7(3/4)$2.64B
HONHoneywell International IncIndustrials$212.55$254.79▲ 16.6%7/7(4/4)$67.37B
FRMEFirst Merchants CorpFinancial Services$40.03$47.93▲ 16.5%6/7(3/4)$2.51B
COPConocophillipsEnergy$127.30$152.35▲ 16.4%5/7(2/4)$152.93B
ERIEERIE Indemnity CoFinancial Services$260.40$311.27▲ 16.3%5/7(2/4)$13.62B
MRSHMarsh & Mclennan Companies IncFinancial Services$171.12$202.40▲ 15.5%7/7(4/4)$81.66B
AMRZAmrize LtdBasic Materials$37.90$44.73▲ 15.3%5/7(3/4)$20.73B
BOOTBoot Barn Holdings, Inc.Consumer Cyclical$124.49$146.40▲ 15.0%6/7(3/4)$3.77B
BSYBentley Systems IncTechnology$32.72$38.43▲ 14.9%5/7(2/4)$9.88B
JLLJones Lang Lasalle IncReal Estate$321.91$377.60▲ 14.7%5/7(2/4)$14.81B
GDSGDS Holdings LtdTechnology$32.77$38.43▲ 14.7%3/7(2/4)$6.57B
INCYIncyte CorpHealthcare$123.89$145.17▲ 14.7%5/7(2/4)$25.11B
BXBlackstone Inc.Financial Services$118.42$138.58▲ 14.5%6/7(3/4)$141.55B
DYDycom Industries IncIndustrials$271.52$317.66▲ 14.5%5/7(2/4)$8.19B
WALWestern Alliance BancorporationFinancial Services$77.61$90.76▲ 14.5%5/7(2/4)$8.47B
MDUMDU Resources Group IncUtilities$18.76$21.93▲ 14.4%6/7(3/4)$3.95B
PRIPrimerica, Inc.Financial Services$275.59$322.01▲ 14.4%5/7(2/4)$8.48B
WMSAdvanced Drainage Systems IncIndustrials$133.13$155.43▲ 14.3%6/7(3/4)$10.04B
SRSpire IncUtilities$77.39$90.32▲ 14.3%6/7(3/4)$4.57B
APAMArtisan Partners Asset Management Inc.Financial Services$35.62$41.42▲ 14.0%7/7(4/4)$2.53B
AEMAgnico Eagle Mines LtdBasic Materials$194.48$225.58▲ 13.8%6/7(3/4)$98.48B
KNTKKinetik Holdings Inc.Energy$52.92$61.12▲ 13.4%5/7(3/4)$8.95B
NNNNNN REIT IncReal Estate$41.30$47.66▲ 13.3%7/7(4/4)$7.93B
JKHYJack Henry & Associates IncTechnology$147.79$170.48▲ 13.3%7/7(4/4)$10.36B
CDECoeur Mining, Inc.Basic Materials$21.13$24.37▲ 13.3%5/7(3/4)$21.72B
ALCAlcon IncHealthcare$64.47$74.16▲ 13.1%6/7(3/4)$31.16B
SNASnap-on IncIndustrials$391.86$450.64▲ 13.0%7/7(4/4)$20.27B
BSMBlack Stone Minerals, L.P.Energy$14.75$16.94▲ 12.9%7/7(4/4)$3.14B
CBCCentral Bancompany, Inc.Financial Services$32.60$37.44▲ 12.9%4/7(2/4)$7.81B
BOKFBok Financial CorpFinancial Services$130.58$149.83▲ 12.8%6/7(3/4)$7.93B
HTOH2o AmericaUtilities$62.92$72.19▲ 12.8%7/7(4/4)$2.63B
FBKFB Financial CorpFinancial Services$52.64$60.27▲ 12.7%6/7(3/4)$2.63B
MANManpowerGroup Inc.Industrials$57.41$65.69▲ 12.6%6/7(3/4)$2.67B
IMOSChipmos Technologies IncTechnology$67.37$77.01▲ 12.5%3/7(2/4)$2.34B
ALLEAllegion plcIndustrials$154.47$176.42▲ 12.4%6/7(3/4)$13.14B
AVAAvista CorpUtilities$35.45$40.31▲ 12.1%5/7(2/4)$2.97B
CCKCrown Holdings IncConsumer Cyclical$108.06$122.78▲ 12.0%6/7(3/4)$11.75B
CNQCANADIAN NATURAL RESOURCES LtdEnergy$48.99$55.60▲ 11.9%7/7(4/4)$100.99B
DGDollar General CorpConsumer Defensive$124.84$141.64▲ 11.9%7/7(4/4)$27.54B
UBSIUnited Bankshares IncFinancial Services$46.22$52.44▲ 11.9%6/7(3/4)$6.3B
ADMArcher-Daniels-Midland CoConsumer Defensive$81.12$91.97▲ 11.8%6/7(3/4)$39.1B
KYIVKyivstar Group Ltd.Communication Services$13.44$15.21▲ 11.6%4/7(3/4)$3.1B
TIGOMillicom International Cellular SACommunication Services$91.90$103.97▲ 11.6%7/7(4/4)$15.41B
CDWCDW CorpTechnology$135.43$153.12▲ 11.6%7/7(4/4)$16.93B
NTBBank of N.T. Butterfield & Son LtdFinancial Services$59.30$66.98▲ 11.5%5/7(2/4)$2.33B
LNTHLantheus Holdings, Inc.Healthcare$99.74$112.63▲ 11.4%6/7(3/4)$6.51B
ULTAUlta Beauty, Inc.Consumer Cyclical$545.20$612.36▲ 11.0%6/7(3/4)$23.31B
TMToyota Motor Corp/Consumer Cyclical$190.34$213.34▲ 10.8%4/7(2/4)$225.4B
DLBDolby Laboratories, Inc.Industrials$58.56$65.56▲ 10.7%7/7(4/4)$5.49B
EGOEldorado Gold CorpBasic Materials$41.92$46.79▲ 10.4%4/7(2/4)$10.93B
AFRMAffirm Holdings, Inc.Financial Services$71.52$79.82▲ 10.4%4/7(2/4)$24.13B
IOSPInnospec IncBasic Materials$96.60$107.79▲ 10.4%7/7(4/4)$2.38B
ROLRollins IncConsumer Cyclical$30.03$33.46▲ 10.2%7/7(4/4)$14.45B
WTWWillis Towers Watson PLCFinancial Services$293.99$325.99▲ 9.8%6/7(3/4)$27.3B
MBGLMobility Global Inc.Technology$20.24$22.35▲ 9.5%4/7(3/4)$6.48B
SLGNSilgan Holdings IncConsumer Cyclical$37.15$41.02▲ 9.4%6/7(3/4)$3.93B
IXOrix CorpFinancial Services$39.53$43.59▲ 9.3%4/7(2/4)$41.11B
HIIHuntington Ingalls Industries IncIndustrials$264.02$291.10▲ 9.3%7/7(4/4)$10.4B
SOSouthern CoUtilities$88.25$97.30▲ 9.3%6/7(3/4)$101.52B
ABMABM Industries IncIndustrials$49.69$54.74▲ 9.2%7/7(4/4)$2.91B
DUKDuke Energy CORPUtilities$120.25$132.31▲ 9.1%6/7(3/4)$93.76B
GLPIGaming & Leisure Properties, Inc.Real Estate$38.79$42.66▲ 9.1%7/7(4/4)$11.62B
NXTNextpower Inc.Technology$82.52$90.69▲ 9.0%5/7(3/4)$12.68B
TRMDTORM plcEnergy$34.32$37.69▲ 8.9%7/7(4/4)$3.52B
BSACBanco Santander ChileFinancial Services$34.37$37.69▲ 8.8%4/7(2/4)$16.19B
SRESempraUtilities$77.93$85.38▲ 8.7%5/7(2/4)$50.96B
RYRoyal Bank of CanadaFinancial Services$199.45$217.10▲ 8.1%3/7(2/4)$276.12B
AONAon plcFinancial Services$272.01$294.29▲ 7.6%6/7(3/4)$57.7B
HLIHoulihan Lokey IncFinancial Services$129.94$140.56▲ 7.6%7/7(4/4)$9.08B
EROEro Copper Corp.Basic Materials$37.29$40.23▲ 7.3%5/7(3/4)$3.89B
ROPRoper Technologies IncTechnology$358.56$386.80▲ 7.3%5/7(2/4)$35.46B
BRCBrady CorpIndustrials$84.02$90.59▲ 7.3%6/7(3/4)$3.94B
MORNMorningstar, Inc.Financial Services$195.98$211.12▲ 7.2%6/7(3/4)$7.35B
PAYCPaycom Software, Inc.Technology$220.46$237.37▲ 7.1%6/7(3/4)$9.94B
AVAHAveanna Healthcare Holdings, Inc.Healthcare$13.22$14.22▲ 7.0%3/7(2/4)$2.89B
NWNNorthwest Natural Holding CoUtilities$49.50$53.22▲ 7.0%6/7(3/4)$2.08B
BNYBank of New York Mellon CorpFinancial Services$148.44$159.46▲ 6.9%5/7(2/4)$100.72B
RYANRYAN Specialty Holdings IncFinancial Services$36.17$38.84▲ 6.9%5/7(3/4)$9.27B
OLEDUniversal Display Corp \pa\Technology$77.39$83.02▲ 6.8%7/7(4/4)$3.56B
JEFJefferies Financial Group Inc.Financial Services$47.68$51.10▲ 6.7%5/7(2/4)$9.7B
PLUSEplus IncTechnology$92.03$98.42▲ 6.5%5/7(2/4)$2.41B
PNFPPinnacle Financial Partners, Inc.Financial Services$94.97$101.34▲ 6.3%6/7(3/4)$14.35B
LHXL3harris Technologies IncIndustrials$237.69$252.88▲ 6.0%7/7(4/4)$44.26B
XYLXylem Inc.Industrials$102.63$109.04▲ 5.9%7/7(4/4)$23.96B
CIGIColliers International Group Inc.Real Estate$90.42$96.06▲ 5.9%6/7(3/4)$4.62B
AAPAdvance Auto Parts IncConsumer Cyclical$41.73$44.29▲ 5.8%6/7(3/4)$2.52B
SPSCSps Commerce IncTechnology$81.29$86.18▲ 5.7%6/7(3/4)$2.93B
AWKAmerican Water Works Company, Inc.Utilities$138.30$146.17▲ 5.4%6/7(3/4)$27.48B
CHHChoice Hotels International IncConsumer Cyclical$101.81$107.41▲ 5.2%6/7(3/4)$4.63B
MATXMatson, Inc.Industrials$221.91$234.02▲ 5.2%6/7(3/4)$6.64B
ESNTEssent Group Ltd.Financial Services$63.73$67.20▲ 5.2%5/7(2/4)$5.73B
BXPBXP, Inc.Real Estate$62.36$65.68▲ 5.1%6/7(3/4)$11.28B
AGIAlamos Gold IncBasic Materials$34.50$36.32▲ 5.0%6/7(3/4)$14.44B
NWSANews CorpCommunication Services$30.97$32.55▲ 4.9%5/7(2/4)$16.64B
LIVNLivaNova PLCHealthcare$76.63$80.39▲ 4.7%5/7(3/4)$4.21B
ARWArrow Electronics IncTechnology$203.92$212.59▲ 4.1%5/7(2/4)$10.38B
SFBSServisFirst Bancshares, Inc.Financial Services$41.75$43.51▲ 4.0%5/7(2/4)$4.57B
OIIOceaneering International IncEnergy$46.24$48.14▲ 4.0%7/7(4/4)$4.6B
FTSFortis Inc.Utilities$53.09$55.23▲ 3.9%6/7(3/4)$27.12B
CPBCAMPBELL'S CoConsumer Defensive$20.34$21.14▲ 3.8%7/7(4/4)$6.07B
RITMRithm Capital Corp.Real Estate$9.42$9.78▲ 3.7%5/7(2/4)$5.26B
HBMHudbay Minerals Inc.Basic Materials$26.79$27.81▲ 3.7%6/7(3/4)$11.9B
AZNAstrazeneca PLCHealthcare$166.58$172.77▲ 3.6%7/7(4/4)$258.35B
RUSHARush Enterprises Inc \tx\Consumer Cyclical$76.27$79.00▲ 3.5%6/7(3/4)$8.27B
SWXSouthwest Gas Holdings, Inc.Utilities$82.44$85.40▲ 3.5%6/7(3/4)$5.97B
FDSFactset Research Systems IncFinancial Services$279.43$288.76▲ 3.2%7/7(4/4)$9.94B
SSNCSS&C Technologies Holdings IncTechnology$78.61$81.13▲ 3.1%7/7(4/4)$18.45B
GNTXGentex CorpConsumer Cyclical$22.58$23.29▲ 3.0%5/7(2/4)$4.76B
SUSuncor Energy IncEnergy$68.77$70.83▲ 2.9%7/7(4/4)$81.2B
FDXFedex CorpIndustrials$289.68$298.14▲ 2.8%7/7(4/4)$68.56B
SPGSimon Property Group IncReal Estate$204.82$210.68▲ 2.8%7/7(4/4)$77.75B
TXNMTXNM Energy IncUtilities$58.32$59.93▲ 2.7%5/7(3/4)$6.42B
BMIBadger Meter IncTechnology$133.00$136.12▲ 2.3%6/7(3/4)$3.86B
RUSHBRush Enterprises Inc \tx\Consumer Cyclical$76.90$78.69▲ 2.3%6/7(3/4)$8.98B
LMTLockheed Martin CorpIndustrials$519.56$530.87▲ 2.1%7/7(4/4)$119.91B
MYRGMyr Group IncIndustrials$295.18$301.55▲ 2.1%6/7(3/4)$4.6B
BKHBlack Hills CorpUtilities$70.46$71.95▲ 2.1%6/7(3/4)$5.37B
LUVSouthwest Airlines CoIndustrials$42.28$43.14▲ 2.0%5/7(3/4)$20.68B
PRKPark National CorpFinancial Services$181.66$185.05▲ 1.8%5/7(2/4)$3.28B
ESTCElastic N.V.Technology$88.12$89.65▲ 1.7%4/7(2/4)$9.25B
OGEOGE Energy CorpUtilities$44.81$45.57▲ 1.7%6/7(3/4)$9.26B
NINisource IncUtilities$39.42$40.03▲ 1.5%6/7(3/4)$18.9B
STESTERIS plcHealthcare$208.93$211.73▲ 1.3%6/7(3/4)$20.37B
DTEDTE Energy CoUtilities$121.44$123.06▲ 1.3%7/7(4/4)$25.27B
CMECME Group IncFinancial Services$264.48$267.11▲ 1.0%7/7(4/4)$95.1B
WSBCWesbanco IncFinancial Services$38.09$38.40▲ 0.8%6/7(3/4)$3.65B
JOEST JOE CoReal Estate$65.30$65.82▲ 0.8%6/7(3/4)$3.72B
CTVACorteva, Inc.Basic Materials$78.52$78.72▲ 0.3%5/7(2/4)$52.39B
ATRAptargroup IncHealthcare$123.87$124.08▲ 0.2%7/7(4/4)$7.88B

What is left out, and why

  • At least 3 of the seven methods must answer. One method alone is coincidence, not convergence.
  • And those methods must come from at least 2 different families. Four of the seven read the same earnings per share, so three of them agreeing can be one number counted three times — if that year’s profit carried a one-off gain, all three are wrong together and in the same direction, which is exactly what the spread test cannot catch.
  • The four families cannot disagree by more than 3× among themselves — when they do, one of them read an outlier and the average means nothing. The test is between families, not between the seven formulas: Graham is deliberately conservative and routinely lands far from the others, which is what averaging within a family is for.
  • Market cap of $2B or more, price of $5.00 or more. Below that, the price reflects illiquidity and survival risk, which none of the formulas measures.
  • Discounts above 70% are excluded. At that size it is almost always earnings about to collapse, not a mispriced stock — without the cut, this list would be led by companies in trouble.

Not investment advice. The fair price comes from formulas applied to reported numbers, and each stock page shows the assumptions behind its own. Change one assumption and the discount changes with it.